Gipuzkoa before it was Gipuzkoa: The Roman presence

The area that makes up present-day Gipuzkoa was populated millennia before the Romans came. From Greek and Roman texts and from archaeological research it has been possible to deduce that it was populated by more or less warlike tribes.  Despite the patronizing tone used in classic texts, which describe the inhabitants as rustic and unrefined (obviously, compared to Rome) they had a complex and hierarchical society. They were versed in mining, seafaring, metalworking, long-distance trade and ceramics and built walled towns.