Gipuzkoa

10th century	Construction of the chapel of Saint Helen of Irun, on a Roman necropolis.	910	Foundation of the Benedictine order of Cluny, which and subsequently spread across the Western world, giving rise to Romanesque art.
1025	First written mention of "Ipuscoa". The back of the Igartubeiti baserri contains remains of a late-mediaeval dwelling.	997	Moorish leader Almanzor destroys Santiago de Compostela, although this does not hinder its growth as a world pilgrimage site.
1140	Santiago pilgrim Aymerid Picaud describes the Atlantic Basque Country as wooded, mountainous, poor in bread and wine and wealthy in milk and apples.	1095	First Crusade to recover Jerusalem. Beyond the battlefield, closer economic and cultural relations between East and West.
1180	Sancho VI of Navarre founds San Sebastián.	1163	Construction of Notre Dame in Paris: the century of Gothic cathedrals begins.
1200	Alfonso VIII of Castile incorporates Gipuzkoa into his kingdom, separating the territory from Navarre.	1206	Ghengis Khan creates the largest Empire in the world in terms of land and population, extending from Hungary to the China Sea.
1248	Pelegrín de Uranzu, from Irun, the first Basque sailor whose full name is known, participates in the conquest of Seville up the river Guadalquivir.	1262	First recorded use of gunpowder as a weapon in Europe, by the Moors in their defence of Niebla (Andalusia) against the Christians.
1328	The Fuero de Ferrerías records the use of hydraulic power in the steelworks of Gipuzkoa.	1295	Marco Polo returns from his trip to China. Among many other details, he makes the first European mention of Cipango (Japan).
1310-1383	Last phase of the foundation of Gipuzkoa towns, at the initiative of the inhabitants against the abuses of the Banderizo nobility.	1347-53	The black plague devastates Europe, killing at least one quarter of its population.
1397	First Junta General of the Brotherhood of Towns of Gipuzkoa, in Getaria.	1376	Catherine of Siena, first woman Doctor of the Church, manages to bring the Papal See back to Rome from Avignon, although she cannot prevent the Schism (up to three popes at once).
1415	First book of Bylaws of the Juntas Generales of Gipuzkoa: in addition to fighting the Banderizos, the economy and society are set up around iron, trade and the sea.	1405-33	The Chinese explore the Indian Ocean, reaching Africa, but they refuse to make contact with other civilisations and extend their wall.
1451	French conquest of Bayonne, last redoubt of the Kingdom of England, and start of the rivalry between Castile and France, leading to centuries of fighting in Gipuzkoa.	1453	Fall of Constantinople into Turkish hands. This marks the end of the Byzantine Empire or the Eastern Roman Empire. A reaction emerges inspired by classical art: the Renaissance. The period from 476 (fall of Rome) to 1453 is dubbed the "Middle Ages".
1456	Defeat of the Parientes Mayores by the towns of Gipuzkoa.	1456	First bible printed by Gutenberg. The printing press changes the concept of culture.