| 1603 | Catalina de Erauso, from San Sebastián, known as "the Lieutenant Nun" embarks on a ship to America. | 1605 | Cervantes publishes "Don Quixote"; Shakespeare is at his creative peak. |
| 1609-11 | Witch hunts in Lapurdi, followed by Zugarramurdi and Hondarribia. | 1609 | Expulsion of the Moriscos from all the kingdoms of Philip III (Castile, Navarre, the Crown of Aragon and Portugal). |
| 1615 | Dozens of rural hamlets in Gipuzkoa declare their independence from the towns. The economic decline of iron and trade is compensated by the rising importance of maize. | 1620 | Around one hundred men, women and children embark on the "Mayflower" in England to found a colony in the north of America where they can freely practice their religion. |
| 1638 | Siege of Hondarribia by French troops during the Thirty Years' War. | 1639 | Russian colonists reach the Pacific Ocean: the Russianisation of Siberia is consolidated. |
| 1659 | Artist Diego Velázquez travels to the Bidasoa river to paint the scene for the royal wedding in the context of the Pyrenees Treaty. | 1652 | The first Boers arrive in South Africa from Holland. |
| 1687 | Francisca de Akulodi prints the fortnightly gazette "Noticias principales y verdaderas" (Important and true news) in San Sebastian. | 1687 | Newton formulates the law of universal gravitation. |
| 1728 | Foundation of the Royal Gipuzkoan Company of Caracas. | 1721 | Bach composes his Brandenburg Concertos. |
| 1738 | Loyola Basilica opens to the public. | 1744 | The census shows 84,000 natives living in forty or so Jesuit Guarani missions in South America. |
| 1746 | First debates of the illustrated oligarchy in Azkoitia: the seeds of the Royal Basque Society of Friends of the Country. | 1751 | Publication of the first volume of the Encyclopaedia, a compendium of illustrated knowledge. The Inquisition seizes any copies that try to make it across the border. |
| 1766 | Second great Machinada against economic liberalisation; coincides with other popular uprisings across Western Europe. | 1776 | Independence of the USA and "Virginia Declaration", first declaration of human rights, although it excluded women, Indians and blacks. |
| 1783 | Fausto Elhuyar isolates wolfram at the Royal Seminary of Bergara. | 1784 | James Watt patents the steam engine, the cornerstone of the industrial revolution and transport by rail and by sea. |
| 1793-95 | French revolutionary troops conquer Gipuzkoa, which is returned to the kingdom of Spain in exchange for the Caribbean island of Santo Domingo. | 1794 | Over 4,000 residents of southern Lapurdi are exiled for months to the Landes because the French authorities believed they were against the Revolution. One quarter of them died. |